Classic Substitution Ciphers
Caesar, ROT13 and Atbash belong to the family of substitution ciphers — each letter is systematically replaced by another according to a fixed rule. They form the historical foundation of cryptography.
Caesar Cipher
Each letter is shifted by N positions. With shift 3 (the classic): A→D, B→E, Z→C. To decode, shift backwards. Julius Caesar used shift 3; Augustus Caesar used shift 1.
ROT13
A Caesar cipher with shift exactly 13, meaning encoding and decoding are the same operation. Widely used on Usenet and online forums to hide spoilers and puzzle answers.
Atbash
Reverses the alphabet (A↔Z). Found in Hebrew scripture dating to 600 BC. When applied to Latin letters: A=Z, B=Y, C=X… Z=A. Applying it twice returns the original text.
Cryptographic Security
These ciphers offer no modern cryptographic security. With only 26 possible shifts (Caesar) or fixed mappings (ROT13, Atbash), they can be broken instantly by brute force or frequency analysis. Use them for education, games and puzzles — not for protecting sensitive data.
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