Frequency Units Explained
Frequency is the number of complete cycles that occur per unit of time. The SI unit is Hertz (Hz), equal to one cycle per second. Higher-frequency phenomena require kHz, MHz, GHz or THz prefixes.
Everyday Frequency Examples
- 50–60 Hz: AC mains electricity (50 Hz in Europe/Turkey, 60 Hz in the Americas).
- 20 Hz – 20 kHz: Human hearing range. Audio equipment is designed for this band.
- 535 kHz – 1.7 MHz: AM radio broadcast band.
- 87.5 – 108 MHz: FM radio broadcast band.
- 2.4 / 5 GHz: Wi-Fi frequency bands.
- 1–5 GHz: Mobile network (4G/5G) frequencies.
CPU and Digital Electronics
Modern CPUs operate in the 1–5 GHz range. Memory (RAM) operates at 1.6–6.4 GHz effective frequency. GPU shader clocks can exceed 3 GHz. These values describe the clock frequency — the rate at which logic operations are performed.
RPM in Mechanical Systems
Rotational speed (RPM) is linked to frequency: 1 Hz = 60 RPM. A car engine at 3 000 RPM rotates at 50 Hz. HDD spindle speed: 5 400–7 200 RPM = 90–120 Hz.
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